What defines latitude in geographical terms?

Latitude is defined as the measurement of distance north or south of the equator, which is situated at 0 degrees latitude. It is an essential concept in geography that helps in identifying specific locations on the Earth's surface. The lines of latitude, known as parallels, run horizontally around the Earth and are measured in degrees, ranging from 0 degrees at the equator to 90 degrees at the poles.

Understanding latitude is crucial for navigation, meteorology, and climate studies as it impacts various environmental factors like temperature and daylight hours. Therefore, the correct answer is the distance away from the equator, as it directly relates to how latitude is defined and measured.

The other options pertain to different geographical concepts. The prime meridian relates to longitude rather than latitude; distance from the ocean is not a measure of latitude but rather a geographical feature; and distance above sea level refers to altitude, which is an entirely different measurement from latitude.